供热管网分布参数模型与电热耦合网络协同规划

随着多能源互联的逐步发展,电力系统(power system,PS)和供热管网(heating pipe network,HPN)系统的耦合程度不断加深,耦合形式也趋于多样化。需要适当考虑电力系统和供热管网系统在规划与运行方面的相互影响。在此背景下,对电力系统和供热管网系统的协同规划进行探讨。现有供热管网系统的数学模型和分析方法不够精细,无法满足协同规划的需要。为此,首先发展适用于电气分析的供热管网系统的分布参数模型,并对现有的温度场和压力场并行求解方法进行简化和统一。接着对所构造的分布参数模型进行线性化处理,并发展了基于管道和环境参数计算热能和压力损失的方法。之后构建了热网潮流方程,并与电力系统潮流方程统一求解。在此基础上,发展了电力系统和供热管网系统的协同规划模型,以发电成本与电力网损、热网损耗之和最小为优化目标,并考虑电力网络和供热网络的运行约束。该协同规划模型为0-1混合整数非线性规划问题,采用商业化的YALMIP工具箱求解。最后,以修改的IEEE 30节点电力系统和某实际供热管网系统为基础,构建了电力系统和供热管网系统耦合形成的集成系统,以说明所发展的供热管网电气化模型及协同规划方法的可行性和有效性。     

区域能源优化配置原则设计

随着智慧能源、能源互联网等概念的提出,人们对于能源的利用从能源种类到利用形式越来越多样化。该文重新定义多种能源互联网络的概念,并对局域能源网、区域能源网和广域能源网进行划分。在能源互联网络规划建设中,很重要的一项工作是能源优化配置。为了更好地配置能源,需要遵守特定的原则,但是目前很少有文献对于能源配置原则进行讨论。以区域能源网为研究对象,设计区域能源网络中能源优化配置的若干原则,并对每一个原则进行了详细的说明。最后以天津港为例对所提出的能源优化配置原则的应用进行演示。     

考虑电网关联度的电力通信网关键环节识别

电力通信网作为电网的支撑网络,其可靠运行对电网安全可靠运行有着重要意义。为了识别电力通信网的关键环节,提出了一种考虑电网关联度的电力通信网关键环节识别方法。首先,构建电力-通信复合系统,其次,分别构建电力系统层节点评价体系、链路评价体系和通信系统层节点评价体系、链路评价体系,然后采用TOPSIS算法分别求得电力系统层节点重要度、链路重要度以及通信系统层节点重要度、链路重要度。最后,通过特定的代数运算,将电网关联度与通信网自身的重要度结合起来,分别求得考虑电网关联度的电力通信网节点、链路重要度值,并依据重要度值,识别出电力通信网关键环节。某省实际电力通信网仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效地识别出关键环节,证明了该方法的可行性。     

考虑电热混合储能与重构联合优化的配电网风电消纳策略

可再生能源消纳是促进节能减排、建设低碳智能电网的重要内容之一。该文着眼于配电网运行环节,引入主动网络重构措施,协同电热混合储能管控,提出适用于配电网风电消纳的多能源优化消纳模型与求解策略。首先,对配电网各单元(如分布式风电系统、电热混合储能系统等)功率模型进行分析,在此基础上建立综合电热混合储能管控和网络重构的非线性混合整数数学优化模型,并采用二阶锥手段松弛线性化非线性约束,实现模型的快速求解。算例仿真验证并展示了电热混合储能管控和网络重构的联合优化策略对配电网促进风电消纳的影响。     

政企合作（PPP）项目治理风险评价与策略研究——基于社会网络（SNA）方法

政企合作（PPP）项目涉及众多利益相关方,呈现出以政府方和社会资本方为双中心的社会网络特征。错综复杂的项目网络结构极易引起 PPP 项目的治理风险,而治理风险已成为 PPP 项目高失败率的关键因素。当项目利益相关方的网络关系结构不合理时,难以具备实现角色责任应有的权力和能力,造成利益相关方行为的不确定性,从而产生较大的治理风险。从双中心网络视角出发构建 PPP 项目双中心网络模型,基于社会网络方法（SNA）设计符合 PPP 项目双中心特征的治理风险评价指标,并通过选取典型的 PPP 项目案例验证模型和指标的有效性,为 PPP 项目治理风险评价提供决策依据和策略建议,以有效提升政府方和社会资本方的风险防控能力及 PPP 项目成功率。     

Zonal network solution of temperature profiles in a ventilated wall module

A ventilated wall module is an outdoor air-intake device that can clean the drawn air, reduce heat loss or gain, and insulate outdoor noises. It contains a solar board, air cavities, and an air filter. This investigation proposes a zonal network model to efficiently predict temperature profiles in a ventilated wall module. The thermal network is established by applying an energy balance to each network node. The outdoor temperature, indoor temperature, and solar irradiation intensity are specified as boundary parameters. The proposed model is validated by the measured temperatures in a prototype model. The results show that the proposed model provides reasonably accurate temperatures with a maximum gap of 3°C between the prediction and the measurement. The temperature profiles approach straight lines when the mass flow rate significantly increases. A similar trend is observed when the solar irradiation intensity, the solar board absorptivity, or the glass transmitivity dramatically decreases.     

基于BP神经网络的新乡百泉逐月泉水流量动态分析

根据1964.01—1978.12新乡百泉泉水流量动态分析,泉水流量动态受大气降水控制,反映了天然状态下的泉水流量动态特征,并建立了百泉逐月泉水流量的逐步回归预测模型。用BP神经网络方法,建立了不同时段的逐月泉水流量动态预测模型,并与逐步回归模型进行比较,BP神经网络模型拟合效果优于逐步回归模型。根据逐步回归模型和BP神经网络模型预测的结果,极枯降水年份的泉水流量2.727m3·s-1作为百泉泉域裂隙岩溶地下水开采资源量,可在平水年和丰水年的丰水期有泉水自然涌出,重现自然美景,保护风景泉水旅游资源,做到先观后用,达到保泉和供水的目的。     

Optimal planning of distributed generation from the DisCo and the DGO viewpoints considering the uncertainties in future demand and electricity price

Since electricity demand is increasing continuously, it is necessary to invest in expansion of distribution network capacity. From the asset management point of view, it is necessary to encourage the private sector to invest in distribution network. To do this, distribution network managers must provide important opportunities for private sector to profit from their investments. One of the options for private sector is to invest on distributed generations (DGs). In this regard, distribution company (DisCo) must sign power purchase agreement (PPA) with DG owners (DGOs). So, optimal siting, sizing and PPA rates from economic point of view are important challenges which are considered as the main contribution of this paper. The proposed methodology of this paper applies load and price uncertainties into the planning problem. The proposed scheme involves using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms II (NSGA II), since it attains non-dominated solutions in which DisCo and the DGO can put their personal preferences into practice. To evaluate the effectiveness of the suggested method, the computer simulations are done on a 33-bus distribution network and the results are discussed.     

Induced fabric anisotropy of granular materials in biaxial tests along imposed strain paths

In granular materials, loading on an initially isotopic assembly usually induces particle rearrangement, and this is referred to as the induced anisotropy of fabric. A series of biaxial tests are conducted along various strain paths using DEM to investigate the evolution of the induced anisotropy. The evolution of both the overall contact network and the sub-networks (the strong and weak) are examined separately. Results of DEM simulations indicate that the evolution of the fabric deviator in the overall contact network can be described as a power function of the stress ratio prior to the peak stress ratio that depends on the imposed dilation rate. A unique fabric-stress relation is obtained for the strong sub-network, which is independent of the strain path, the initial porosity and the confining pressure. Moreover, deformation instability is observed only along dilatant strain paths, which can be related to the degradation or even collapse of a weak sub-network, even though the strong sub-network dominates the strength of the granular assembly.     

基于结构面网络模拟技术的边坡楔形体分析方法研究

山区高速公路的建设日益增多,岩质高边坡越来越多地出现于工程建设之中。对于完整性较好的岩质边坡,楔形体破坏是常见的边坡破坏类型之一。由于楔形体数量多,规模及稳定性都差别较大,位置也不固定,在勘探过程中难以确定,给边坡稳定性分析及设计带来很大不便。依据楔形体几何结构条件,将楔形体分成Ⅰ型(出现于坡肩,由两条相交的结构面与坡顶、坡面共同包围形成)和Ⅱ型(出现于坡面,由三条结构面与坡面共同包围形成),利用结构面三维网络模拟技术,对岩质边坡工程中楔形体进行随机分析和分步筛选,发展了搜索楔形体及其稳定性评价方法,用以指导边坡评价、设计和加固治理,并在厦沙高速的边坡稳定性分析中尝试应用。结果表明:对于岩质边坡,可根据楔形体的几何构成条件,利用楔形体分析方法,可以从岩体三维结构数字模型中抽取楔形体,并进行楔形体稳定性分析;通过Ⅰ型楔形体和Ⅱ型楔形体的对比,当边坡坡高较大时,Ⅱ型楔形体数量远远大于Ⅰ型楔形体,因此应更重视对Ⅱ型楔形体的研究。